When a cpu really is stuck in the kernel, it can be often
impossible to figure out which cpu is stuck where. The
worst case is when the stuck cpu has interrupts disabled.
Therefore, implement a global cpu state capture that uses
SMP message interrupts which are not disabled by the
normal IRQ enable/disable APIs of the kernel.
As long as we can get a sysrq 'y' to the kernel, we can
get a dump. Even if the console interrupt cpu is wedged,
we can trigger it from userspace using /proc/sysrq-trigger
The output is made compact so that this facility is more
useful on high cpu count systems, which is where this
facility will likely find itself the most useful :)
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-05-20 00:33:45 -07:00
This reverts commit 2664ef44cf.
Ingo moved around where the softlockup dependency sits
so this change is no longer necessary.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-05-03 21:00:55 -07:00
Remove dulicated include file <asm/timer.h> in arch/sparc64/kernel/smp.c.
Signed-off-by: Huang Weiyi <hwy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Huang Weiyiauthored and David S. Millercommited 2008-04-29 03:19:38 -07:00
Current limitations:
1) On SMP single stepping has some fundamental issues,
shared with other sw single-step architectures such
as mips and arm.
2) On 32-bit sparc we don't support SMP kgdb yet. That
requires some reworking of the IPI mechanisms and
infrastructure on that platform.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-04-29 02:38:50 -07:00
Otherwise all sorts of bad things can happen, including
spurious softlockup reports.
Other platforms have this same bug, in one form or
another, just don't see the issue because they
don't sleep as long as sparc64 can in NOHZ.
Thanks to some brilliant debugging by Peter Zijlstra.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-04-25 03:11:37 -07:00
We have to do it like this before we can move the PROM and MDESC device
tree code over to using lmb_alloc().
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-04-23 23:32:11 -07:00
Currently kernel images are limited to 8MB in size, and this causes
problems especially when enabling features that take up a lot of
kernel image space such as lockdep.
The code now will align the kernel image size up to 4MB and map that
many locked TLB entries. So, the only practical limitation is the
number of available locked TLB entries which is 16 on Cheetah and 64
on pre-Cheetah sparc64 cpus. Niagara cpus don't actually have hw
locked TLB entry support. Rather, the hypervisor transparently
provides support for "locked" TLB entries since it runs with physical
addressing and does the initial TLB miss processing.
Fully utilizing this change requires some help from SILO, a patch for
which will be submitted to the maintainer. Essentially, SILO will
only currently map up to 8MB for the kernel image and that needs to be
increased.
Note that neither this patch nor the SILO bits will help with network
booting. The openfirmware code will only map up to a certain amount
of kernel image during a network boot and there isn't much we can to
about that other than to implemented a layered network booting
facility. Solaris has this, and calls it "wanboot" and we may
implement something similar at some point.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2008-03-21 17:01:38 -07:00
calibrate_delay() must be __cpuinit, not __{dev,}init.
I've verified that this is correct for all users.
While doing the latter, I also did the following cleanups:
- remove pointless additional prototypes in C files
- ensure all users #include <linux/delay.h>
This fixes the following section mismatches with CONFIG_HOTPLUG=n,
CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y:
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x1128d): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'check_cx686_slop' and 'set_cx86_reorder')
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x25102): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'smp_callin' and 'cpu_coregroup_map')
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Christian Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adrian Bunkauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2008-02-06 10:41:08 -08:00
We need to mask out the proper bits when testing the dispatch status
register else we can see unrelated NACK bits from previous cross call
sends.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-12-12 07:36:36 -08:00
Convert cpu_sibling_map from a static array sized by NR_CPUS to a per_cpu
variable. This saves sizeof(cpumask_t) * NR unused cpus. Access is mostly
from startup and CPU HOTPLUG functions.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mike Travisauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2007-10-16 09:42:50 -07:00
Check the return value of fork_idle() to catch error.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Akinobu Mitaauthored and David S. Millercommited 2007-10-04 14:55:59 -07:00
Every time a cpu is added via hotplug, we allocate the per-cpu MONDO
queues but we never free them up. Freeing isn't easy since the first
cpu gets this memory from bootmem.
Therefore, the simplest thing to do to fix this bug is to allocate the
queues for all possible cpus at boot time.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-08-08 17:33:52 -07:00
When we hot-plug in new cpus, the core_id and proc_id of existing
cpus can change. So in order to set the cpu groups correctly we
need to clear the maps out completely first.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-07-16 04:05:19 -07:00
Take a page from the powerpc folks and just calculate the
delay factor directly.
Since frequency scaling chips use a system-tick register,
the value is going to be the same system-wide.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-07-16 04:05:02 -07:00
With the move of ldom_startcpu_cpuid() into smp.c some other
things need to follow along:
1) smp.c is not a driver so we can't use "PFX" macro in the
printk calls.
2) smp.c now needs asm/io.h and asm/hvtramp.h, ds.c no longer
does
3) kimage_addr_to_ra() also needs to move into smp.c
While we're here, update copyright info and my email address
in smp.c
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-07-16 04:04:58 -07:00
Do not select HOTPLUG_CPU from SUN_LDOMS, that causes
HOTPLUG_CPU to be selected even on non-SMP which is
illegal.
Only build hvtramp.o when SMP, just like trampoline.o
Protect dr-cpu code in ds.c with HOTPLUG_CPU.
Likewise move ldom_startcpu_cpuid() to smp.c and protect
it and the call site with SUN_LDOMS && HOTPLUG_CPU.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-07-16 04:04:49 -07:00
Only adding cpus is supports at the moment, removal
will come next.
When new cpus are configured, the machine description is
updated. When we get the configure request we pass in a
cpu mask of to-be-added cpus to the mdesc CPU node parser
so it only fetches information for those cpus. That code
also proceeds to update the SMT/multi-core scheduling bitmaps.
cpu_up() does all the work and we return the status back
over the DS channel.
CPUs via dr-cpu need to be booted straight out of the
hypervisor, and this requires:
1) A new trampoline mechanism. CPUs are booted straight
out of the hypervisor with MMU disabled and running in
physical addresses with no mappings installed in the TLB.
The new hvtramp.S code sets up the critical cpu state,
installs the locked TLB mappings for the kernel, and
turns the MMU on. It then proceeds to follow the logic
of the existing trampoline.S SMP cpu bringup code.
2) All calls into OBP have to be disallowed when domaining
is enabled. Since cpus boot straight into the kernel from
the hypervisor, OBP has no state about that cpu and therefore
cannot handle being invoked on that cpu.
Luckily it's only a handful of interfaces which can be called
after the OBP device tree is obtained. For example, rebooting,
halting, powering-off, and setting options node variables.
CPU removal support will require some infrastructure changes
here. Namely we'll have to process the requests via a true
kernel thread instead of in a workqueue. workqueues run on
a per-cpu thread, but when unconfiguring we might need to
force the thread to execute on another cpu if the current cpu
is the one being removed. Removal of a cpu also causes the kernel
to destroy that cpu's workqueue running thread.
Another issue on removal is that we may have interrupts still
pointing to the cpu-to-be-removed. So new code will be needed
to walk the active INO list and retarget those cpus as-needed.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-07-16 04:04:40 -07:00
the SMP load-balancer uses the boot-time migration-cost estimation
code to attempt to improve the quality of balancing. The reason for
this code is that the discrete priority queues do not preserve
the order of scheduling accurately, so the load-balancer skips
tasks that were running on a CPU 'recently'.
this code is fundamental fragile: the boot-time migration cost detector
doesnt really work on systems that had large L3 caches, it caused boot
delays on large systems and the whole cache-hot concept made the
balancing code pretty undeterministic as well.
(and hey, i wrote most of it, so i can say it out loud that it sucks ;-)
under CFS the same purpose of cache affinity can be achieved without
any special cache-hot special-case: tasks are sorted in the 'timeline'
tree and the SMP balancer picks tasks from the left side of the
tree, thus the most cache-cold task is balanced automatically.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
It's not just sun4v hypervisor platforms that should return true
for this, sun4u with UltraSPARC-IV should return true too.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-06-04 21:50:05 -07:00
The scheduling domain hierarchy is:
all cpus -->
cpus that share an instruction cache -->
cpus that share an integer execution unit
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-06-04 21:50:00 -07:00
Cheetah systems can have cpuids as large as 1023, although physical
systems don't have that many cpus.
Only three limitations existed in the kernel preventing arbitrary
NR_CPUS values:
1) dcache dirty cpu state stored in page->flags on
D-cache aliasing platforms. With some build time
calculations and some build-time BUG checks on
page->flags layout, this one was easily solved.
2) The cheetah XCALL delivery code could only handle
a cpumask with up to 32 cpus set. Some simple looping
logic clears that up too.
3) thread_info->cpu was a u8, easily changed to a u16.
There are a few spots in the kernel that still put NR_CPUS
sized arrays on the kernel stack, but that's not a sparc64
specific problem.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-05-29 02:49:49 -07:00
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Randy Dunlapauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2007-05-08 11:15:07 -07:00
Let's allow page-alignment in general for per-cpu data (wanted by Xen, and
Ingo suggested KVM as well).
Because larger alignments can use more room, we increase the max per-cpu
memory to 64k rather than 32k: it's getting a little tight.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jeremy Fitzhardingeauthored and Andi Kleencommited 2007-05-02 19:27:12 +02:00
I'd like to thank John Stul and others for helping
me along the way.
A lot of cleanups fell out of this. For example, the get_compare()
tick_op was totally unused, so was deleted. And the most often used
tick_op members were grouped together for cache-friendlyness.
The sparc64 TSC is given to the kernel as a one-shot timer.
tick_ops->init_timer() simply turns off the privileged bit in
the tick register (when possible), and disables the interrupt
by setting bit 63 in the compare register. The ->disable_irq()
op also sets this bit.
tick_ops->add_compare() is changed to:
1) Add the given delta to "tick" not to "compare"
2) Return a boolean which, if true, means that the tick
value read after writing the compare value was found
to have incremented past the initial tick value. This
mirrors logic used in the HPET driver's ->next_event()
method.
Each tick_ops implementation also now provides a name string.
And we feed this into the clocksource and clockevents layers.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-04-26 01:54:15 -07:00
Things were scattered all over the place, split between
SMP and non-SMP.
Unify it all so that dyntick support is easier to add.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2007-04-26 01:54:11 -07:00
Compiling the kernel with CONFIG_HOTPLUG = y and CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU = n
with CONFIG_RELOCATABLE = y generates the following modpost warnings
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.data: from
.text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141b7d) and 'cpu_up'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.data: from
.text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141b9c) and 'cpu_up'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:__cpu_up
from .text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141bd8) and 'cpu_up'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.data: from
.text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141c05) and 'cpu_up'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.data: from
.text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141c26) and 'cpu_up'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.data: from
.text between '_cpu_up' (at offset 0xc0141c37) and 'cpu_up'
This is because cpu_up, _cpu_up and __cpu_up (in some architectures) are
defined as __devinit
AND
__cpu_up calls some __cpuinit functions.
Since __cpuinit would map to __init with this kind of a configuration,
we get a .text refering .init.data warning.
This patch solves the problem by converting all of __cpu_up, _cpu_up
and cpu_up from __devinit to __cpuinit. The approach is justified since
the callers of cpu_up are either dependent on CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU or
are of __init type.
Thus when CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y, all these cpu up functions would land up
in .text section, and when CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=n, all these functions would
land up in .init section.
Tested on a i386 SMP machine running linux-2.6.20-rc3-mm1.
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Gautham R Shenoyauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2007-01-11 18:18:20 -08:00
Uses of smp_processor_id() get pushed earlier and earlier in
the start_kernel() sequence. So just get it working before
we call start_kernel() to avoid all possible problems.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-05-31 01:24:02 -07:00
for_each_cpu() actually iterates across all possible CPUs. We've had mistakes
in the past where people were using for_each_cpu() where they should have been
iterating across only online or present CPUs. This is inefficient and
possibly buggy.
We're renaming for_each_cpu() to for_each_possible_cpu() to avoid this in the
future.
This patch replaces for_each_cpu with for_each_possible_cpu.
for sparc64.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
KAMEZAWA Hiroyukiauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2006-04-11 06:18:31 -07:00
1) Take doc-book function comment from i386 implementation.
2) cacheline align call_lock, taken from powerpc
3) Need memory barrier after setting call_data
4) Remove timeout
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-04-09 22:56:44 -07:00
switch_mm() changes the mm state and does a tsb_context_switch()
first, then we do the cpu register state switch which changes
current_thread_info() and current().
So it's safer to check the PGD physical address stored in the
trap block (which will be updated by the tsb_context_switch() in
switch_mm()) than current->active_mm.
Technically we should never run here in between those two
updates, because interrupts are disabled during the entire
context switch operation. But some day we might like to leave
interrupts enabled during the context switch and this change
allows that to happen without any surprises.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-31 23:03:34 -08:00
When we stop allocating percpu memory for not-possible CPUs we must not touch
the percpu data for not-possible CPUs at all. The correct way of doing this
is to test cpu_possible() or to use for_each_cpu().
This patch is a kernel-wide sweep of all instances of NR_CPUS. I found very
few instances of this bug, if any. But the patch converts lots of open-coded
test to use the preferred helper macros.
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Christian Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Philippe Elie <phil.el@wanadoo.fr>
Cc: Nathan Scott <nathans@sgi.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Andrew Mortonauthored and Linus Torvaldscommited 2006-03-23 07:38:17 -08:00
The mapping is a simple "(cpuid >> 2) == core" for now.
Later we'll add more sophisticated code that will walk
the sun4v machine description and figure this out from
there.
We should also add core mappings for jaguar and panther
processors.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-20 01:14:24 -08:00
Don't piggy back the SMP receive signal code to do the
context version change handling.
Instead allocate another fixed PIL number for this
asynchronous cross-call. We can't use smp_call_function()
because this thing is invoked with interrupts disabled
and a few spinlocks held.
Also, fix smp_call_function_mask() to count "cpus" correctly.
There is no guarentee that the local cpu is in the mask
yet that is exactly what this code was assuming.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-20 01:14:21 -08:00
This cpu mondo sending interface isn't all that easy to
use correctly...
We were clearing out the wrong bits from the "mask" after getting
something other than EOK from the hypervisor.
It turns out the hypervisor can just be resent the same cpu_list[]
array, with the 0xffff "done" entries still in there, and it will do
the right thing.
So don't update or try to rebuild the cpu_list[] array to condense it.
This requires the "forward_progress" check to be done slightly
differently, but this new scheme is less bug prone than what we were
doing before.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-20 01:14:17 -08:00
There were several bugs in the SUN4V cpu mondo dispatch code.
In fact, if we ever got a EWOULDBLOCK or other error from
the hypervisor call, we'd potentially send a cpu mondo multiple
times to the same cpu and even worse we could loop until the
timeout resending the same mondo over and over to such cpus.
So let's bulletproof this thing as follows:
1) Implement cpu_mondo_send() and cpu_state() hypervisor calls
in arch/sparc64/kernel/entry.S, add prototypes to asm/hypervisor.h
2) Don't build and update the cpulist using inline functions, this
was causing the cpu mask to not get updated in the caller.
3) Disable interrupts during the entire mondo send, otherwise our
cpu list and/or mondo block could get overwritten if we take
an interrupt and do a cpu mondo send on the current cpu.
4) Check for all possible error return types from the cpu_mondo_send()
hypervisor call. In particular:
HV_EOK) Our work is done, all cpus have received the mondo.
HV_CPUERROR) One or more of the cpus in the cpu list we passed
to the hypervisor are in error state. Use cpu_state()
calls over the entries in the cpu list to see which
ones. Record them in "error_mask" and report this
after we are done sending the mondo to cpus which are
not in error state.
HV_EWOULDBLOCK) We need to keep trying.
Any other error we consider fatal, we report the event and exit
immediately.
5) We only timeout if forward progress is not made. Forward progress
is defined as having at least one cpu get the mondo successfully
in a given cpu_mondo_send() call. Otherwise we bump a counter
and delay a little. If the counter hits a limit, we signal an
error and report the event.
Also, smp_call_function_mask() error handling reports the number
of cpus incorrectly.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-20 01:14:09 -08:00
1) We must flush the TLB, duh.
2) Even if the sw context was seen to be valid, the local cpu's
hw context can be out of date, so reload it unconditionally.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
David S. Millercommited 2006-03-20 01:14:08 -08:00
David S. Miller
commited 
Huang Weiyi
authored and
Sam Ravnborg
authored and
Adrian Bunk
authored and
Linus Torvalds
commited 
David S. Miller
commited 
Joe Perches
authored and
Mike Travis
authored and
Akinobu Mita
authored and
Ingo Molnar
commited 
David S. Miller
commited 
Randy Dunlap
authored and
Jeremy Fitzhardinge
authored and
Andi Kleen
commited 
Gautham R Shenoy
authored and
Linus Torvalds
commited 
Al Viro
authored and
Linus Torvalds
commited 
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
authored and
Andrew Morton
authored and